四川医疗队赴尼“光明行”义诊活动启动仪式
“光明行” 搭建中尼友好桥
文/图：本刊记者 向雯
十一月的加德满都还有些许炙热，充足的阳光赋予了喜马拉雅山脚下的尼泊尔不一样的风情。置身于古老的街头，身着传统服饰的行人、生机勃勃的商铺，当然，还有那些随处可见经历了千百年岁月洗礼静静地矗立的佛塔……
由于尼泊尔地处高山地区，强烈的紫外线照射，再加上大多数民众从事户外劳作，在尼泊尔近3000万人口中，白内障发病率高、致盲率高，许多低收入家庭很难负担得起手术的费用。2018年11月27日，四川“光明行”义诊医疗队给他们带来了希望，把光明和温暖送到了患者身边。
等待已久的光明
27日清晨不到7点，哈里·玛雅早已起床穿上了自己最喜欢的红色旁遮比，催着女儿出了门。自从中国医生要来科提普尔(Kirtipur)眼科医院义诊的消息传开后，哈里已经等了许多天。五年前，70岁的哈里左眼做了白内障手术，这些年，她右眼视力也下降得厉害，眼睛只有微弱的光感，医生告诉她，右眼再不进行手术，便有失明的危险。
这次能够通过筛查，哈里觉得自己很幸运。同样幸运的，还有家住科提普尔市附近的甘尼什·巴哈杜。他的左眼仅有一点光感，这让在家务农的他十分担忧，“不想给孩子们添麻烦。”甘尼什说，“希望这次中国医生能治好我的眼睛。”陪着他来的还有妻子和儿子，这次手术，对于甘尼什一家来说非常重要，等待中他们不时抬头望向医院大门。
金矿物70.59%为自然金，29.41%为银金矿。据区内金矿物电子探针成分分析样结果统计，金矿物自然金成色为908.2，银金矿成色为749.7，平均859.4。自然金中Au/Ag为11.35∶1。成色较高的金矿物，反映成矿温度为中偏高及较高的成矿深度，微观观察矿石可发现，金矿物绝大部分集中在一个成矿阶段内[13-15]，从均方差64.63和变化系数9.45来看，金矿物成色相差较小，反映出金矿物在生成时间上较接近，成矿阶段较单一(表4、表5)。
ZHANG Chao, HUA Mei-mian, WANG Fu-bo, GUO Fei, WANG Hui-qing, PENG Guang, XU Meng-lu, SONG Li,YANG Bo, SHENG Xia, XU Chuan-liang, SUN Ying-hao
当四川医疗队到达时，这里已经坐满了等候治疗的患者。秋日的暖阳照在他们身上，更照在了他们心上。今天是期盼已久的做手术的日子，重见光明的希望像种子一般播散在他们心上。
此次义诊由四川省外事办公室主办，四川省民间组织国际交流促进会、尼泊尔阿尼哥协会协办。为了达到最好的治疗效果，四川派出了眼科“梦之队”：医疗队队长吴峥峥是四川省人民医院眼科主任、全国防盲技术指导组专家，她曾多次带队远赴非洲开展义诊和白内障手术，有着丰富的国外手术经验；张金旭医生是成都市新津县人民医院眼科主任，同时也是成都市眼科质量控制中心专家库成员，强大的阵容展现了四川眼科界的实力。
尼泊尔卫生和人口部部长秘书苏希尔·纳什·皮库利尔在启动仪式上表示，“有些患者失明很久了，也许他们已经忘了爱人和孩子的模样，但是通过这次手术，他们将看到家人，也将看到为他们做手术的四川医生。”
本文基于第一性原理计算，研究了第五主族原子掺杂砷烯的几何结构及稳定性、电子性质和STM图像.研究发现，由于杂质原子具有不同的半径和电负性，替位掺杂原子在砷烯中会引起局部结构变化. 进一步研究电子性质发现，第五主族原子掺杂会导致砷烯能带带隙的不同程度的减小，其中N原子掺杂引起的变化最大. 最后给出了第五主族原子掺杂砷烯的STM图像，为实验科研者识别和分析砷烯缺陷提供有益的参考. 该研究结果将对二维砷烯纳米材料在光电器件等领域的应用提供有价值的参考和理论依据. 二维材料电子结构的能带工程是其在新型微电子器件等方面应用的关键，后续研究工作将进一步考查掺杂类型和浓度对砷烯电子结构的影响．
在医院等候手术的患者
医疗队医生查看手术后的患者恢复情况
超负荷的工作高质量地完成
“选择科提普尔眼科医院，是因为专科医院的设备相对比较齐全，这也是为患者负责。”省人民医院杨绍伟医生告诉记者。虽然这家医院在当地算是条件较好的医院，医疗队也在前期做了充分的调研与沟通，但手术中依然出现了一些“小考验”。
省人民医院万灵医生告诉记者，四川医生使用的眼球表面麻醉可使病人免受眼部打针的不适，术后恢复也很快，但对医生技术要求特别高。由于尼方提供的麻药没有达到表面麻醉下实施手术的标准，加之手术中患者眼球的不停转动，给手术增加了不少难度。
上图：于红、刘捷看望手术后的患者
下图：医疗队在为患者做手术
2018年7月29日，中国民间组织国际交流促进会组织25家中国民间组织访问加德满都，11家中方组织与尼方共签署了13项合作协议或备忘录，涉及农业减贫、青年成长和就业、妇女技能、卫生公益、物资捐助等领域。这也是两国社会组织间围绕民生项目进行的首次大规模对接合作。
通过两天超负荷的工作，四川医疗队圆满完成任务，共完成59台白内障手术，最大的患者86岁，最小的45岁。其中聋哑老人拉姆巴哈杜让吴峥峥印象特别深刻。他的“家人”普拉沃尔告诉记者：“19年前，我父亲遇到了流浪汉拉姆巴哈杜，然后把他带回家像亲人一样照顾，今天，是中国医生让他重见光明！”
引导学生：让学生认识到，实际生活中解决问题可以有多种方法，只要言之有理即可。以此让学生大胆思考，不怕犯错，不怕与众不同。
战术4Ps、4Cs、4Rs三者不是互相取代，而是不断发展的关系。由于战术4Ps是能以看得见的形式体现出来的理论框架，4Cs、4Rs无法用实体形式展示出来，只能以思维形式体现。因此，将4Cs、4Rs融于战术4Ps理论框架中，形成新的4Ps。将企业利益、消费者利益和竞争关系综合起来考虑，以求获得最好的营销效果，已成为新经济背景下我国快递企业发展中应当采用的物流市场营销组合优化策略。
“感谢中国，感谢中国医生！”普拉沃尔不停地向医疗队表达着感谢。“这都是我们应该做的。”在吴峥峥看来，救死扶伤本就是医生最基本的职责。而此次四川医疗队的义举，也让无声的大爱在尼泊尔人民心中延续……
Long-awaited sight
11月29日，阳光明媚，在科提普尔眼科医院的术后观察室中，尼泊尔卫生部副部长亚达夫陪同中国驻尼泊尔大使于红，四川省人大常委会副主任、四川省民间组织国际交流促进会会长刘捷等中尼嘉宾共同见证了患者重获光明的美好瞬间。亚达夫表示：“目前，尼泊尔卫生领域面临很多困难，我们有很多东西需要向中国学习，希望能够得到中国政府的帮助。我代表尼泊尔人民，代表尼泊尔卫生部对这次义诊活动的举办表示衷心感谢！”
中尼友好的纽带
Overwork bears high-quality result
不仅仅是医疗方面，近些年，四川在人力资源培训、奖学金、民生项目等方面也对尼提供了大量支持，来自中尼两国的非政府组织互动也越来越频繁。
另外，尼泊尔人深邃的五官与中国人差异较大，深眼窝、高鼻梁的面部特点也给手术中带来了一些不便。不可避免地，语言沟通也是一大难题，“尼泊尔有125个民族，语言的多样性给唯一的一位翻译也带去很大麻烦。”万灵解释道。好在这是一支技术精湛的队伍，他们迅速调整状态和方案，顺利、安全地完成每一例手术。
中国民间组织国际交流促进会秘书长朱锐表示，此次到访的民间组织将着力于尼方迫切需要的民生项目，用实际行动和成果造福尼泊尔人民。
着眼于功能类型，叙事语篇与非叙事语篇的差异是基本的差异。叙事语篇中，叙述者(言者或写作者)讲述连续的事件，随着事件在时间线性和空间维度中展开，总有叙述主线和叙述的主要对象(行为主体)。而非叙事语篇与事件无关，还可以再分作下面几类：描写(对事物形状的描述)、判断(是事态进行断言)、议论(对事理进行解释)等。叙事语篇重点在于讲述在一个连续的时间内某一个或几个施事的动作。比如：
国之交在于民相亲，中尼人民友好的情谊，我们可以从患者康复的眼睛里看到，从赴中国留学的尼泊尔学生口中听到，从当地老百姓友好的问候中感受到，涓涓细流汇聚成海，未来，中尼友好的交往必将更深更广。
"Bright Journey" Medical Team erects a Sino-Nepal friendship bridge
Even in November, it is still a bit hot in Katmandu.Basking in opulent sunshine, Nepal, nestling at the foot of the Himalayas, oozes extraordinary charm.There are myriad old streets lined with vigorous stores and thronged with people in traditional apparels.Of course, there are also countless time-honored pagodas standing in quiet...
With a high altitude, Nepal is exposed to intense ultraviolet radiation.Plus the majority of Nepalis engage in outdoor works.As a result, the vulnerability to cataract and blindness among its nearly 30 million people are very high.For many low-income families, premium surgery cost remains unaffordable.To this end, Sichuan "Bright Journey" Eye Care Medical Team arrived at Kirtipur City of Nepal on November 27, 2018, bringing warmness and sunlight for suffers of cataract.
①根据轻重缓急，首先满足城镇生活及港口用水；二是保证电厂、京杭运河等骨干航道航运用水；三是重点工业用水；四是农业用水，其中主要满足水稻用水；五是一般工业及生态环境用水。
Around 7 o'clock on the morning of November 27, Hari Maya excitedly got up and wore her favorite red Panjabi suit, urging her daughter to go out for Kirtipur Eye Hospital.Hari had been waiting for this moment for several days after being informed of Chinese doctors' gratuitous treatment at Kirtipur Eye Hospital.Five years ago, Hari aged 70 then underwent cataract surgery on her left eye.However, she also suffered from poorer and poorer eyesight in her right eye with only a lower sensitivity to light.Her attending doctor told her that she might become blind if she didn't undergo surgery in time.
According to Dr.Wan Ling from Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, the topical ophthalmic anesthetic generally used in Sichuan could protect the patient from the discomfort due to eye injection, and be conducive to postoperative recovery.Yet this kind of anesthetic also imposed higher requirements for doctor's skills.The topical anesthetic provided by Nepal side, however, failed to meet the standard for performing surgery.Plus patients kept their eyes rolling during the surgery, enhancing the difficulty of the surgery.
When Sichuan Eye Care Medical Team arrived, the hospital was already crowded with patients.Basking in the warm autumn sunshine, not only their bodies but also their hearts grew warm.Today was exactly the surgery time they had long waited for, for it sowed the hope among them to see light again.
The gratuitous treatment activity was sponsored by the Department of Foreign and Overseas Chinese Affairs at Sichuan Provincial Party Committee, and co-sponsored by Sichuan NGO Network for International Exchanges and Nepal-based Arniko Society.In hope of offering Nepal patients best treatment, Sichuan set up a "dream team" comprised of excellent expert ophthalmologists like Wu Zhengzheng and Zhang Jinxu.This time, the team was headed by Wu Zhengzheng, head of the Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and expert within National Blindnessprevention Technical Guidance Group, who once led medical teams to Africa for gratuitous treatment and surgery of cataract for several times and thus accumulated a wealth of surgery experience abroad; and Zhang Jinxu was director of the Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Xinjin and a member of expert team under Chengdu Ophthalmological Quality Control Center.
作为中尼友好的纽带，阿尼哥协会是尼泊尔唯一一个全体会员都能讲汉语的组织，在医疗、语言、教育、文化和宗教等领域和中国展开了深入交流和合作。近些年，阿尼哥协会也将优秀的中国影视、文学作品带到了尼泊尔。“《西游记》在尼泊尔已经播放两次了，观众很喜欢看。” 阿尼哥协会主席萨波尔塔姆告诉记者，“‘一带一路’倡议提出后，我们也及时地翻译了《推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动》、中央电视台的《一带一路》纪录片等节目，让尼泊尔人民可以了解中国最新、最真实的情况。”
"Some of our patients have long suffered from blindness and may forget what their lovers and children look like.Fortunately, the surgery gives them a hope of recovering their sight and seeing clearly their beloved again," Sushil Nath Pyakurel, secretary to the Minister of the Ministry of Health and Population of Nepal, expressed at the inauguration ceremony of the Bright Journey.
事实上，这并不是四川第一次赴尼泊尔开展义诊活动。2017年12月，四川就组织了一次大型的义诊活动，来自四川的20名优秀的医务工作者10天内辗转 6地5村，累计进行环境卫生健康宣教2440人次、诊治病人约1200人次，覆盖人群4.7万余人，令当地许多百姓受益。
（视觉中国 供图）
"The reason to choose Kirtipur Eye Hospital is that it has relatively complete medical facilities and is thus the manifestation of our responsibility to local patients," Dr.Yang Shaowei told the journalist.Although the medical team had launched investigation and communication in earlier stage and the hospital was in better condition than majority of others on the whole, challenges remained in the process of surgery.
Hari said she was very lucky to be chosen to receive medical treatment from Chinese doctors this time.And the good fortune also smiled upon Ganesh Bahadur living around Kirtipur City.As a farmer, he was very anxious about the low sensitivity to light in his left eye."I don't want to impose burden upon my children," said he, "I hope that Chinese doctors can cure my eye." Accompanied by his wife and son, Ganesh added that his family valued this surgery very much.While waiting for the arrival of Chinese doctors, they looked up to the gate of the hospital ever and again.
Moreover, in comparison with our Chinese people, Nepalis featured deeper eye socket and higher-bridged nose, which increased the difficulty of surgery.Another inevitable obstacle was the language communication."Because Nepal has 125 ethnic groups, such the language diversity has caused much trouble for our only interpreter," Dr.Wan Ling explained.To patients' relief, the medical team mastered exquisite techniques and had the ability to finish surgery smoothly and safely by adjusting mental state and scheme in time.
Over two days of overwork, the medical team has successfully performed on 59 Nepali cataract patients aged 45 to 86.Among these patients, an old deaf-mute man named Ram Bahadur left a deep impression on Wu Zhengzheng.Prajwol, Ram Bahadur's "relative", told the journalist, "My father found the helpless Ram Bahadur 19 years ago, then brought him home and looked after him as our family member.Today, it is Chinese doctors that help him recover his sight.”
"Thank China！Thank Chinese doctors！" Prajwol extended their gratitude to the medical team over and over again."This is our duty, Prajwol." In the eyes of Wu Zhengzheng, doctors' mission is to heal the wounded and rescue the dying.Sichuan medical team's gratuitous treatment for Nepali patients this time has delivered messages of love to Nepalis and touched the depth of their hearts...
但现在不管怎么说，麻糍娶的是外乡人，而且最让人无话说的是，现在我们岭北镇的人与外乡人结亲的是越来越多，这样就更没话讲了。所以，只能讲麻糍啊，老来得子啊什么的。既算不上得罪他，也算不上恭维他。而麻糍呢，一只耳进一只耳出，你们爱怎么说怎么说。所以，大家更是叫他麻糍了——软乎么，好说话呀。
On the sunny morning of November 29, accompanied by Yadav, deputy minister for Health and Population of Nepal, Yu Hong, Chinese ambassador to Nepal, and Liu Jie, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Sichuan Provincial People's Congress and chairman of Sichuan NGO Network for International Exchanges, as well as other guests from China and Nepal visited Kirtipur Eye Hospital.Together with patients, guests shared the beautiful moment when these patients recovered their sight at Postoperative Observation Room." Nepal has been confronted with many difficulties in health sector currently.We have a lot to learn from China, and we hope for more help from Chinese government.On behalf of all Nepalis and the Ministry of Health and Population, I would like to extend our heartfelt thanks and gratitude for China's gratuitous treatment," expressed Yadav.
哲学研究的方法很多，除了假说方法，我还常用范畴系列方法。我们研究问题，有时研究一个范畴、概念就可以作为一篇论文的主题。有时两个概念的关系，如《存在与虚无》是两个范畴的关系。所谓范畴系列至少三个范畴，我研究实践、效能、效果和反馈，是四个范畴的关系。范畴系列可以作为研究的一种方式，事物之间的联系包括其中的逻辑关系，需要我们研究和阐述。我与王维国合写的论文《公共性的样态与内涵》，涉及十五个范畴，三个范畴一个系列，总共五个系列。这可以说是范畴系列研究的一个标本。
A bond of Sino-Nepal friendship
In fact, it is not the first time for Sichuan to initiate such activity in Nepal.In December 2017, Sichuan ever organized 20 excellent medical staff to Nepal to offer gratuitous treatment.Then, they left their footprints in this country's five villages and one city within ten days.During the period, they disseminated environmental health knowledge for 2,440 person times and treated patients around 1,200 person times, benefiting more than 47,000 local people in total.
2.我们应鼓励未成年人见义勇为，勇于同邪恶势力作斗争，但这并不意味着让未成年人去见义蛮为、见义妄为，更不是让未成年人去做出一种勇敢但却忽略生命价值的行为，我们必须要教给他们一种方法，而不是单纯地、一刀切地否定他们的见义勇为；
In addition to medical treatment, with the increasingly frequent interaction between nongovernmental organizations on both sides, Sichuan has provided substantial support for Nepal in talent training, scholarship, livelihood and other aspects.
On July 29, 2018, China NGO Network for International Exchanges organized 25 Chinese non-governmental organizations to visit Katmandu.Among them, 11 organizations signed 13 cooperation agreements and MoUs with Nepal's counterparts, covering poverty alleviation through agricultural development, youth growth and employment, skills training for women, health-focused public welfare, materials donation and other fields.This was the first large-scale matchmaking cooperation on livelihood projects between China-Nepal civil organizations.
三、总之，玉米粗缩病是具有毁灭性的病害，只要发生就会很难治理，虽然在病株上喷施药剂但也难恢复正常生长。因此，加强在玉米粗缩病常发地区定点监测和预报，定期调查小麦、田间杂草和玉米粗缩病的病株率，同时也调查灰飞虱越冬基数、发生密度和带毒率，及时清除田间杂草，改变种植模式使用种子包衣，在科学的引导下农民集中使用药剂防治，将农业防治和化学防治相结合，才能有效控制灰飞虱和玉米粗缩病的发生，控制粗缩病的危害蔓延，尽可能的降低产量损失，提高玉米产量，增加农民收入。
According to Zhu Rui, secretary-general of China NGO Network for International Exchanges, these civil organizations will focus on the projects about which Nepalis have most concern so as to benefit them with practical actions and results.
四川医疗队和当地医护人员合影
等候手术后复查的尼泊尔患者
As a bond of Sino-Nepal friendship, Arniko Society is Nepal's only organization whose members all can speak Chinese.On the one hand, the society has developed in-depth exchange and cooperation with Chinese counterparts in medical treatment, language, education, culture, religion and other fields.On the other hand, it has brought famous films and television works as well as literature to Nepalis in recent years." The TV series Journey to the West that is adapted from one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature has been broadcast twice and enjoyed wide popularity among Nepalis," Sarbottam Shrestha, chairman of Arniko Society told the journalist, "Since the proposal of the Belt and Road Initiative, we have translated many programs like the Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road and the documentary series The Belt and Road, making our people keep abreast of China.”
As the old saying goes, "Friendship, which derives from close contact between the people, holds the key to sound state-to-state relations." The bond of friendship between China and Nepal can be embodied by Nepalis who ever suffered from cataract yet recover their sight now, Nepali students who ever studied or are studying in China and local citizens who greet us warmly.Just as myriad trickles can form a vast sea, China-Nepal friendship will be bound to further deepen and expand to more areas.
责编：彭纳