浅谈V-ing形式学习三要素，本文主要内容关键词为：浅谈论文,形式论文,三要素论文,ing论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
V-ing形式是非谓语动词重要内容，也是高考重要考点。学习V-ing形式应注意下列几点：
一、掌握V-ing形式基本用法
1.作主语
例1：Looking after three children is her full-time job.照顾三个小孩是她的专职工作。
例2：Learning English well is very important.学好英语是非常重要的。
V-ing形式作主语时，还可用it作形式主语，但仅限于下列句型：
It is no use/no good/useless doing something.
例1：It's no use promising without doing.只说不做是没用的。
例2：It's no good talking to such a cruel man.跟这种残忍的人讲话是没好处的。
2.作宾语
(1)suggest,include,consider,furish,practice,postpone,delay,avoid,miss,imagine,feel like,enjoy,risk,mind,appreciate,stand,escape等动词及insiston,be worth,keep on,put off,can't help等短语后边一定要接V-ing形式作宾语。
例1：I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.我几乎难以想象彼得在五天之内乘船横渡大西洋。
例2：I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.我很感激你今天下午给我打电话。
例3：-What do you think of the book?
-Oh,excellent,It's worth reading second time.
—你认为这本书怎么样？
—太棒了，值得再读一遍。
(2)stop（停止做某事），remember（记得曾强做过某事），forget（忘了曾经做过某事），try（试做某事），regret（对过去的事表示后悔），go on（继续做同一件事），mean（意味着，即就是），need、want、require（均表需要）等词后边只能接V-ing形式作宾语。
例1：I don't regret telling her what I thought even if it might have upset her.即使我的话可能使她不安，我也不后悔告诉她我的想法。
例2：She didn't remember having met him before.她记不得过去曾强见到过他。
例3：—I usually go there by train.
—Why not try going by boat for a change?
—我通常乘火车去那里。
—为什么不试着乘船去呢？
3.作介词宾语
几乎所有介词后面均要求接V-ing形式作宾语。
例1：How about the two of us taking a walk down the garden？咱俩去花园散步怎么样？
例2：—I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.
—That's all right.
—真抱歉没事先告诉你。
—没关系。
4.作表语
V-ing形式作表语有下列用法：
(1)说明主语的内容，若就其提问应用what。
例：My main work is teaching children how to learn English well.我的主要工作是教孩子如何学好英语。
析：teaching说明教会孩子们如何学好英语是我工作的主要内容，若就其提问，问句为：What is your main work?
(2)用于现在或过去进行时。
例：The boy is sleeping.男孩正在睡觉。
(3)说明主语的性质和特点，若就它提问应用how.
例：The film is interesting.这场电影有趣。
析：interesting说明电影的性质和特点是“令人感兴趣”，若就其提问，问句为：How is the film？或What do you think of the film？或How do you like the film？或How about the film?
5.作定语
(1)说明被修饰名词的作用和用途。
a writing desk=a desk for writing一张写字台
a waiting room=a room for waiting一间候车室
a reading room=a room for readnig一间阅览室
(2)表正在进行的动作或主动的动作，此时可转换成相应的定语从句。
例He looked up at a flying bird and raised his bow.他抬起头看着一只正在飞的鸟并举起了弓。
析：前半句表示：他抬起头看着天空中一只正在飞的鸟，所以应用现在分词作定语表示鸟正在主动飞行。a flying bird可转换成定语从句：a bird which was flying。
(3)表被修饰名词的性质特点，此时也可转换成相应的定语从句。
例：I was satisfied with his exciting speech.我对他令人激动的演讲很满意。
析：“令人兴奋的”正是他演讲的性质和特点，所以应用现在分词作宾语。exciting speech可转换成定语从句：speech which was exciting。
6.作宾语补足语
V-ing形式作宾语补足语表正在进行的和主动的动作。
例1：Soon they could see steam rising from the wet clothes.不一会他们就看见湿衣服冒着蒸汽。
例2：Last night at eight o'clock I heard him singing in the next room.昨天晚上八点钟我听见他在隔壁房间唱歌。
例3：—Why did you go back to the shop?
—I left my friend waiting there.
—为什么你要回商店？
—我让朋友在那儿等我。
7.作形式状语
V-ing形式可在句中作时间状语、条件状语、原因状语和伴随状语等。V-ing形式的逻辑主语为主句的主语，因此应注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
例1：读这本书的时候，他激动得热泪盈眶。
误：Reading this book,hia eyes were full of tears.
正：Reading this book,he burst into tears.
析：Reading this book为V-ing形式作时间状语，其逻辑应为he，而不是his eyes.
例2：完成了家庭作业，他回家了。
误：Finishing his homework,he went home.
正：Having finished his homework,he wenthome。
析：完成家庭作业的动作应在回家之前发生，所以这儿应用V-ing形式的完成时态Having finished his homework作状语。
例3：从山顶看这个城市，这个城市得更漂亮。
误：Seeing from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful.
正：Seeing from the top of the hill,we can see the city looks more beautiful.
析：看的行为应该是人发出的，而不是城市的行为。
二、掌握V-ing形式创新用法
1.带逻辑主语V-ing形式作主语和宾语
当需要特别强调V-ing形式所表动作的执行者时，V-ing形式前也可加逻辑主语。V-ing形式的逻辑主语通常由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格担任。带逻辑主语的V-ing形式结构常作主语和宾语。
例1：My coming added happiness to her family.我的到来给她的家庭增添了快乐。
例2：Would you mind Li Ping's opening the window？你介意李平把窗子打开吗？
例3：The president's attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.总统本人亲自出席会议给予他们极大鼓励。
值得注意的是，若不出现在句首，可用人称代词宾格代替形容词性物主代词或用名词的普通格代替名词的所有格。但若逻辑主语为无生命名词，只能用名词的普通格，不能用名词的所有格。
例1：I can't stand your/you speaking in class.
例2：I appreciate Li Ping's/Li Ping helping Wei Fang with her English.
例3：The noise of desks being opened and closed could be heard out in the street.在街上就能听见打开课桌和关上课桌的声音。
2.带逻辑主语的V-ing形式构成独立主格结构作状语
带逻辑主语的V-ing形式可构成独立主格结构作时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、伴随状语等，其逻辑主语前边也可加上with，其中V-ing形式表进行的动行或主动的动作。
例1：With his lips still trembling,be couldn't say a word.他的嘴唇仍在颤抖，所以他说不出一句话来。
例2：With him leading the way,I go there in time.因为有他带路，我才及时赶到那里。
三、V-ing形式综合意识
V-ing形式不但有一般式，而且还有更复杂的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和否定式等，学习时同学们应仔细体会。
例1：—I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.
—That's all right.
例2：She didn't remember having met him before.
例3：Not having received a reply,he decided to write again.
例4：Having been shown around the library,we were taken to the laboratory.
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