ThreeRelationshipsMustBeBalancedtoExpandDomesticDemand论文

ThreeRelationshipsMustBeBalancedtoExpandDomesticDemand论文

Three Relationships Must Be Balanced to Expand Domestic Demand

If regional and urban-rural gaps cannot be narrowed, the upgrading of the industrial structure, and even steady economic growth,will be hindered

试验结果表明:新品种科河699和大民3307在正常栽培条件下,产量高于常规品种先玉335。抗病性和适应性强,产量高,适宜于民勤县种植,建议今后在民勤县沙漠灌溉区大面积推广种植。

T he slower expansion of domestic demand has put pressure on economic growth as the Chinese economy enters a new normal stage. Since the industrial structure can only be effectively upgraded through appropriately expanding aggregate demand, three relationships must be balanced:

Economic aggregate and economic structure

The policies on the economic aggregate and the economic structure must be balanced in order to create a favorable macro policy environment. This means the short-term policy and the mid- and long-term policies need to be coordinated.

The structural effect of the macroeconomic policy has to be strengthened and a long-term period must be allotted since the upgrading of the industrial structure is a medium- to long-term process. The government should try to maintain stability and avoid random fiscal or credit policies during a long enough period to maintain the stability and continuity of policies.

China must coordinate well between the orientation of domestic macro policy and changes in the international policy environment in order to alleviate negative impacts from external changes.

Stable growth and financial risks

Ensuring stable growth and controlling financial risks should be balanced so that the upgrading of the industrial structure can be carried out in a stable economic environment.

To address the pressure on the domestic economy, the government has issued a number of monetary, fiscal, investment,consumption and real estate policies to ensure stable growth, leading to higher leverage rates for the government, businesses and households and stimulating expansion of thefinancial sector. During this process,debt and financial risks have been accumulating. As a result, China's leadership has repeatedly emphasized forestalling systemic financial risks and has regarded preventing and defusing financial risks as one of its top priorities.

乒乓球对于运动者的技术要求很高,当双方的技术水平相当时,就会出现对拉、抢打等高强度运动。有资料显示,乒乓球是一个间歇性较为明显的体育项目。在比赛中,负荷强度大多是正常比赛时间的1/3,且群众能够较好地适应乒乓球项目,因为其运动量的大小能够进行自我调节。乒乓球对于年龄、性别等都没有任何限制,所有人都能参与。乒乓球运动,能够让运动者的各个器官得到全面、合理的锻炼,从而增强运动者的身体素质,达到强身健体的作用。

随着信息化教学的普及与发展,对信息技术辅助教学的认识角度也从关注媒体到关注教学再到关注幼儿。信息技术与幼儿园课程的融合是各种教学资源和教学要素的有机集合,使整个教学系统保持协调一致。[1]要从整个教育活动出发,借助信息化资源和教学媒体作用于幼儿园活动的各个层面,使之成为幼儿学习环境的一部分。信息技术与课程融合的模式主要是“情境—探究”模式,有创设学习情境、激发自主探索、增进互动交流、尝试验证和意义建构四个过程。[2]学习情境的创设和自主探究都需要资源的支持,而且这些资源的组织是网络化的、开放性的。

Domestic policy and international environment

Also, if regional and urban-rural gaps cannot be narrowed, the upgrading of the industrial structure, and even steady economic growth, will be hindered. Based on coordinating the entire national market,the government should nurture the markets in central and western regions as well as in rural areas and boost economic development in these areas.

In the next few years, China must continue to ensure stable growth and control financial risks. But these two tasks may lead to some conflicts because ensuring stable growth requires a comparatively relaxed monetary and credit policy, while controlling financial risks requires a tightening of monetary and credit supply. The government must balance the relationship between maintaining reasonable liquidity and reducing financing costs on the one hand and guiding capital flows and improving financial supervision on the other hand.

In the next few years, the international policy environment will become even more complicated. For instance, the policy orientation of the United States will be more diversified, with contradictory monetary and fiscal policies, which will lead to more uncertainties. U.S. policies on raising interest rates,cutting taxes and expanding infrastructure investment, as well as its protectionist policies, will have global repercussions that may affect China's macro policy, its domestic economic operations and the upgrading of its industrial structure.

China must pay attention to the influence from the international policy environment and work to adopt suitable measures. Regarding U.S. interest rate hikes,China should maintain the stability and continuity of its monetary policy and keep the benchmark interest rate and renminbi exchange rate at a reasonable level. In terms of the impact from U.S. tax cuts, China should continue its policy of cutting taxes,reducing administrative fees and alleviating corporate burden. To cope with U.S. trade protectionism, China must continue to promote economic globalization, work to gain support from and cooperation with more countries and adopt more flexible and diversified foreign trade policies, making the most of international cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative.

In addition, China must turn challenges from changes in the international policy environment into opportunities to promote the innovative development of domestic businesses, readjust its foreign trade structure and expand outbound direct investment.

可知3*3式至少经过的点为4个,所以先讨论只经过4个点的情况个数,然后按点数递增的顺序逐次讨论。当经过的点为4个时,考虑到对称性,可以得知所有从其中一个角的点开始的情况数目完全相等,其情况均可以把从另一个角开始的图案旋转若干个九十度。从四条边中心的点开始的同上述推理。故只需讨论“从角开始”,“从边开始”和“从中心一点开始”三种情况。

This is an edited excerpt of an article written by Guo Kesha, Dean of the School of Economics and Finance at Huaqiao University, published in Economic Information Daily

Copyedited by Rebeca Toledo

Comments to dengyaqing@bjreview.com

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ThreeRelationshipsMustBeBalancedtoExpandDomesticDemand论文
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