重庆市垫江第一中学校 吴小利
英语写作能力的好坏是语言学习情况的综合反应,在高考中占据了不可或缺的一部分;同时也是拉开学生学习差距,体现语言应用实力的一个有效的考察方式。因而如何使书面表达显出文采、展示个性、亮而出众,我们就要从实战中不断吸取教训和总结经验。总结如下;
一.Grammar
(一)尽量避免语句的语法错误
句子结构,语法的正确是句子意思表达正确的基础。再完美的构思和内容的组织都必须以句子为基本单位来作为载体。总结学生的写作情况,常常存在以下问题;
A: “缺胳膊少腿”型:常缺少主语、谓语、宾语
However, other students against the idea. (against前加are)
B:“画蛇添足”型:指语意重复:He returned back yesterday.(back)
C. “张冠李戴”型:
1).误用主语。Don’t worry. Your body will get well soon. (your body→you )
2).误用谓语。The time past quickly. (past→passed)
3). 误用宾语. I was so pleased to hear from your letter. (your letter→you; hear from----receive)
4). 误用表语. The price of my car is very expensive. (expensive→high)
5). 误用定语. China has a more population than Japan. (more→larger )
6). 误用介词. The thief ran away to the direction of the coast. ( to→in)
D. “Chinglish.”型。Eg .高考: “High exam”
National College Entrance Examination .
E.“瞻前不顾后”型。指搭配或词的我、前后呼应1).Although he was very tired ,but he went on working in the office.(→Although, but either one is OK)
2).On one hand ,60% of the students are against the idea,but 40% of the students think it is reasonable。(→but 后加On the other hand 与前面的 On one hand 对应)
(二)尽量使用复合句
尽量使用复合句,可以避免简单句的单调,死板,使句子显得生动,富于变化,层次感强。
e.g The little boy knows so many things。
It surprises him。
1)、Use so-----that
→The little boy knows so many things that he feels surprised .
2)、强调句。
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→It is that the little boy knows so many things that surprises him。
3)、Attr. Clause.
→The little boy knows so many things which surprises him。
4)、N---Clause. (There are two possible ways .)
→① What surprises him is that the girl knows so many things.
→② That the girl knows so many things surprise him.
(三)使用不同的句型结构或复杂句式。
使用不同的句型结构或复杂句式,使我们的表达更加灵活自如的表现,是语言功底的明确变形,从而体现了语言的丰富性。按括号中的要求改写下列各句。
1). The teacher walked out of the lab and many students followed her.
. (Use PP.)
→Followed by many students, the teacher walked out of the lab.
. (Use prep.)the teacher walked out of the lab with many students following her.
(四)有效地使用语句间的连接成分
满分作文都有个共性就是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。文章的连贯性和紧凑感是很重要的。作为最小的语言表意单位的句子如果只是被随意的整合,是无法达到有效表达的目的。常见的句子之间的连接手段有:使用代词指代上一句中的名词;重复使用上一句中的词;使用连接词;使用平行结构。
常用的过渡词语有:
1)表示起始above all,first of all,at all,etc。
2)表示时间as soon as,the next moment,in the past,now,in the future etc since then
3)表示空间 in the center of,in the middle of,at the foot /top(of),on the right/left。
4)表示顺序for the first time, first,then ;finally,the former,the latter,etc。
5)表示递进 what’s more, what’s better , besides, even, moreover, furthermore ;in addition ,etc.
6)表并列或选择and,or,as well,as well as,both---and,either---or,neither---nor,some---others。
(五)巧用小词、短句
如:up可以和不同的动词或短语表达多种不同的含义,正确、恰当使用可使你的作文生动、生辉。如能巧短句,其效果可胜过千言万语。If you want to warp up the usage of the word ‘up’ ,you can look up the word in the dictionary. And the time is up , it is time to shut up.
(六)避生就熟,进行“曲线”表达
巧用思维拐弯法。当表达某一意思有困难时,巧用常用词语或自己熟悉的词语来进行表达,可达到同样效果,又可避免出错。在表达过程中,应选用自己熟悉的和有把握的词汇及句型,千万不能自己去创造或生搬硬套汉语式的句子。如果遇到确实难以回避的内容,一时又想不起确切的表达法,那就要“拐弯抹角”地去表达,尽量找同义或近义的词语或句型来代替,英语有句谚语:“All roads lead to Rome.”这样既可节约时 间又可避免犯大的错误。
Eg. 1“是公众休闲的地方。”
既可用复合句:People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves.
也可用简单句:People need a place to have a rest and enjoy themselves.或:Park is a good place for people to relax and enjoy themselves in.
论文作者: 吴小利
论文发表刊物:《创新人才教育》2019年第5期
论文发表时间:2019/7/19
标签:句子论文; 复合句论文; 句型论文; 语言论文; 结构论文; 词语论文; 宾语论文; 《创新人才教育》2019年第5期论文;