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刘健新 供稿
［演讲原文］
On the 14th of March,at a quarter to three in the afternoon,the greatest living thinker ceased to think.He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes,and when we came back we found him in his armchair,peacefully gone to sleep-but forever.
An immeasurable loss has been sustained both by the militant proletariat of Europe and America,and by historical science,in the death of this man.The gap that has been left by the departure of this mighty spirit will soon enough make itself felt.
Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature,so Marx discovered the law of development of human history,the simple fact,hitherto conceled by an overgrowth of ideology,that mankind must first of all eat,drink,have shelter and clothing,before it can pursue politics,science,art,religion,etc.;that,therefore,the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions,the legal conceptions,art,and even the ideas on religion,of the people concerned have been evolved,and in the light of which they must,therefore,be explained,instead of vice versa,as had hitherto been the case.
But that is not all.Mark also discovered the special law of motion governing the present-day capitalist mode of production and the bourgeois society that this mode of production has created.The discovery of surplus value suddenly threw light on the problem,in trying to solve which all previous investigations,of both bourgeois economists and socialist critics,had been groping in the dark.
Two such discoveries would be enough for one lifetime.Happy is the man to whom it is granted to make even one such discovery.But in every single field which Mark investigated-and he investigated very many fields,none of them superficially-in every field,even in that of mathematics,he made independent discoveries.
Such was the man of science.But this was not even half the man.Science was for Marx a historically dynamic,revolutionary force.However great the joy with which he welcomed a new discovery in some theoretical science whose practical application perhaps it was as yet quite impossible to envisage,he experienced quite another kind of joy when the discovery involved immediate revolutionary changes in industry,and in historical development in general.For example,he followed closely the development of the discoveries made in the field of electricity and recently those of Marcel Deprez（注：Marcel Deprez:马塞尔·德普利。法国电学家，是自动补偿闸的发明者。）.
For Mark was before all else a revolutionist.Hid real mission in life was to contribute in one way or another,to the overthrow of capitalist society and of the state institutions which it had brought into being,to contribute to the liberation of the modern proletariat,which he was the first to make conscious of its own position and its needs,conscious of the conditions of its emancipation.Fighting was his element.And he fought with a passion,a tenacity and a success such as few could rival.His Work on the first Rheinische Zeitung（注：Rheinische Zeitung:《莱茵报》）(1842),the Paris Vorwart（注：the Paris Vorwart:《巴黎前进报》）(1844),the Deutsche Brusseter Zeitung（注：the Deutsche Brusseler Zeitung:《德意志布鲁塞报》）(1847),the Neue Rheinische Zeitung（注：the Neue Rheinische Zeitung:《新莱茵报》）（1848～1849）,the New York Tribune（注：the New York Tribune:《纽约每日论坛报》）（1852～1861）,and in addition to these a host of military pamphlets,work in organizations in Paris,Brussels and London,and finally,crowning all,the formation of the great lnternational Working Men's Association（注：lnternational Working Men's Association:国际工人协会，即第一国际(First lnternational)，是工人团结的联盟组织。）-this was indeed an achievement of which its founder might well have been proud even if he had done nothing else.
And,consequently,Mark was the best hated and most calumniated man of his time.Governments of both absolutists and republicans,deported him from their territories.Bourgeois,whether conservative or ultrademocratic,vied with one another in heaping slanders upon him.All this he brushed aside as though it were cobweb,ignoring it,answering only when extreme necessity compelled him.And he died beloved,revered and mourned by millions of revolutionary fellow workers-from the mines of Siberia to California,in all parts of Europe and America-and I make bold to say that though he may have had many opponents he had hardly one personal enemy.
His name will endure through the ages,and
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