LIFTING UP THE PEOPLE
By Yuan Yuan
White paper summarizes the fundamental changes in Tibet over the past 60 years
A white paper on democratic reform and the development leap that has taken place in southwest China’s Tibet as a result was issued by China’s State Council Information Office on March 27, marking the 60th anniversary of the campaign in Tibet.
Titled Democratic Reform in Tibet—Sixty Years On, the white paper lauded the drive as “the greatest and most profound social transformation in the history of Tibet.”
“By abolishing serfdom, a grim and backward feudal system, Tibet was able to establish a new social system that liberated the people and made them the masters of the nation and society, thus ensuring their rights in all matters,” the document stated.
公路桥梁养护工作作为一项长期性工作，需要耗费大量的人力、物力。因此，为了提高公路桥梁养护工作的开展效率与开展质量，就必须要加大公路桥梁养护工作的经费投入。首先，有关部门要设立专门的公路养护经费管理中心并让专业人员对公路养护的资金进行集中管理，根据公路桥梁养护的实际建设情况与加固维修状况进行资金的划拨，以此保证公路桥梁养护后续工作资金的充裕性；其次，公路桥梁养护工作需要不断引进高科技维修设备，以此保证公路桥梁养护工作的高效开展；与此同时，公路桥梁养护工作还需要引进具备较强技术性的专业人才，以此保证公路桥梁养护工作的正常运行[8]。
Dramatic changes
Tibet has changed completely, with the region becoming a beautiful home for the local people and their solidarity and enterprising spirit growing. Through democratic reform,feudal serfdom under a theocratic system was completely abolished, with some 1 million serfs liberated, said the white paper.
Tibet’s impressive development fully demonstrates that its democratic reform conformed to the historical trend of the times and the fundamental aspirations of all ethnic groups in Tibet and met the people’s real demand for social progress.
为了壮大欢迎队伍，他把“乡直”的哥们儿都请来了：有敲锣打鼓的，有扛彩旗的，还有吹唢呐的……在我们心目中，新站长一定是个精明强干的男同胞。
人们对农药众多负面的认识和印象，大多是因为对农药不了解。因此，不要嫁祸和妖魔化农药，积极为农药行业正名，让农药企业发声，全面系统地介绍农药及其生产和管理情况，使社会和百姓对农药有全面、科学和客观的认识就显得十分必要。
The people in Tibet can, in accordance with the law, directly elect deputies to the people’s congresses at the county and township level. These elected deputies then elect deputies to the people’s congresses at the autonomous regional and national level.
The white paper discussed the First Session of the First People’s Congress of Tibet, which was held on September 1-9,1965. At the session, Tibet Autonomous Region was established and the people’s committee of the autonomous region was elected.
In addition, democratic reform in Tibet has greatly improved the productive forces.According to the white paper, democratic reform enabled former serfs to own their land,farm tools, cattle and other means of production. They showed ever growing passion for working hard to create wealth, with agriculture and animal husbandry significantly progressing.
Women have also been empowered with political rights over the past 60 years.They took an active part in political affairs by participating in elections, serving as leading officials at various levels and establishing women’s organizations.
Currently, there are 35,963 deputies to people’s congresses at all levels in Tibet.Among them, deputies from Tibetan and other minority ethnic groups account for 92.18 percent, according to the document.
“A large number of liberated serfs held leading posts in organs of political power at various levels of the Region. The establishment of the Tibet Autonomous Region and the organs of self-government of the region realized the historic leap from theocratic feudal serfdom to people’s democratic socialism, and signified that Tibet had set up a people’s democratic government and begun to exercise thorough-going regional ethnic autonomy,” the white paper said.
Since 2013, more than 273,000 new urban jobs have been created. In 2018, the registered urban unemployment rate was 2.83 percent.
加拿大高校学生管理工作中学生的自主参与性很高，并发挥了重要的作用。我国自2017年9月1日开始实施的《普通高等学校学生管理规定》(教育部第41号令)明确指出高校应当尊重和保护学生的合法权利，教育和引导学生承担应尽的义务与责任，鼓励和支持学生实行自我管理、自我服务、自我教育、自我监督[8]。
A Tibetan opera troupe performs in Lhasa, capital city of southwest China’s Tibet Autonomous Region, during the Yogurt Festival on August 12, 2018
In 2018, the autonomous region’s GDP was 147.76 billion yuan ($22 billion), soaring from the 1959 figure of 174 million yuan ($25.9 million). The average per-capita disposable income of urban residents was 33,797 yuan ($5,036), and that of rural residents was 11,450 yuan ($1,700).
Tibet’s infrastructure has been greatly enhanced. Before liberation in 1951, it had no proper highways; but today, it has a comprehensive transport network composed of highways, railways and air routes. By the end of 2018, Tibet had 97,800 km of highway,including 660 km of high-grade highways,with all counties in Tibet having access to highways.
Figures from the document showed that in 2018, the net enrollment rate in primary schools in Tibet was 99.5 percent, while gross enrollment rates in junior high, senior high and higher education were 99.5, 82.3 and 39.2 percent, respectively, with the percapita length of education reaching 9.55 years in the region.
任何企业的发展离不开人才，在企业中同样要培养信息人才，将信息人才作为企业发展的人才储备库。培养高素质的信息人才，无论是从信息技术方面，还是计算机的相关知识方面，都要定期对其进行培训，对人才展开针对性的培训体制，推动企业的信息化发展进程，培养一直综合素质较高的信息化人才队伍，为企业的未来发展奠定坚实的人才基础。
Currently, Tibet has 1,787 sites for the practice of Tibetan Buddhism, over 46,000 resident monks and nuns, and 358 living Buddhas. There are four mosques and over 12,000 native Muslims, and one Catholic church and 700 believers, according to the white paper.
Better living
Before 1959, education was largely the domain of the privileged aristocracy. The serfs,who made up 90 percent of the population,were not entitled to education, resulting in an illiteracy rate surpassing 95 percent among young people.
Modern industry started from scratch and has grown steadily. Tibet now has a modern industrial system covering over 20 sectors. Agriculture and animal husbandry are no longer subject to nature and the environment and are being consistently modernized.
“After democratic reform, Tibet put an end to the theocracy, separating the government from religion and thus restoring the latter’s true significance,” the document said.
Tertiary industry is thriving too, while tourism is rapidly developing. In 2018,Tibet received 33.69 million tourist visits, with total tourism revenue hitting 49.01 billion yuan ($7.3 billion). More than 100,000 farmers and herdsmen have increased their income through tourism as Tibet becomes an international tourist destination.
The living Buddha reincarnation is a succession system unique to Tibetan Buddhism,and is respected by the state and governments at different levels of the autonomous region.
抑制性蛋白在胶质瘢痕中的具体作用机制不明确，一些学者对与促进轴突生长有关的细胞内信号转导通路产生了兴趣。LehmannIn1在大鼠创伤性脑损伤的模型上，发现Rho抑制剂c3酶可促进受损神经元轴突的再生和延长，而Rho是结合在GTP酶上的一种蛋白质。[13]脑源性生长因子既能促进细胞内cAMP升高，也能阻断髓鞘相关蛋白的抑制作用。
By 2018, the document said, 91 incarnated living Buddhas had been confirmed through traditional religious rituals and historical conventions.Since the 1980s, more than 1.4 billion yuan ($208.5 million)has been spent on restoring Tibetan cultural relics and refurbishing key monasteries.
碳酸钙的测定原理简述如下：分别称取两份不同质量的萤石试样，置于两个烧杯中，用稀盐酸浸取其中的碳酸钙，少量氟化钙也会随着溶解。通过以下3种方法，降低氟化钙的溶解度，并使得两份溶液中氟化钙的溶解量保持一致：加入强碱调节溶液的pH值约为7；向两份溶液中加入大量定量的强电解质氯化钙，稳定溶液中钙离子浓度和总离子强度；将这两份溶液定容到相同体积，静置一段时间待氟化钙溶解达到平衡。此时两份溶液中氟化钙溶解量一致、试剂空白一致。对两份溶液进行干过滤，采用EDTA滴定法测定两份溶液中全钙的质量差(以碳酸钙计)，此差值即称样量差中所含的以碳酸钙形式存在的钙量，经过换算可得试样中碳酸钙的含量。
Over the past 60 years,Tibet has made steady progress in medical and health services, with a system featuring traditional Chinese medicine,Western medicine and Tibetan medicine now in place.
Moreover, the Tibetan language is protected by law and has developed smoothly. The excellent traditional ethnic culture has been carried forward and promoted through a number of laws, regulations and of ficial documents, providing a legal basis for the protection of Tibet’s ethnic culture.
Significant progress has been made in protecting cultural relics as well. Tibetan Culture Week and the China Tibet Tourism and Culture Expo are becoming platforms to present traditional culture to the world.Tibet has also sent a variety of art troupes to over 100 countries and regions to perform,put on exhibitions and carry out academic exchanges.
In view of the current economic and social climate, Tibet is committed to coordinated and sustainable development. It firmly believes that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and that ecological protection is also a means of protecting the productive forces. Bearing these ideas in mind, it prioritizes green development with ecological protection.
“Following the Belt and Road Initiative,the government of Tibet is building a policy structure that is inclusive, open, and cooperative in nature, while accelerating opening up,” the white paper said.
宫腔镜术中见:经阴道可见靠右侧单个宫颈,宫颈左侧阴道壁膨隆,并见一小孔有脓液溢出,经小孔切开阴道壁,并切除多余的阴道壁,暴露左侧宫颈,用3-0可吸收线缝合阴道壁止血,宫腔镜经右侧宫颈进入右侧宫腔,宫腔小,宫壁平整,宫底可见一侧输卵管开口,经左侧宫颈进入宫腔,宫腔小,宫内膜厚,并见脓苔,用油纱安置宫颈口引流。术后诊断意见:盆腔积脓;双子宫;双宫颈;单侧阴道闭锁。
It also noted that Tibet works hard to enhance a sense of participation and gain for people of all ethnic groups to ensure that the fruits of development are shared by all the people in the region.
Copyedited by Rebeca Toledo
Comments to yuanyuan@bjreview.com