摘要:目的:运用针刀闭合技术联合手法松解的治疗手段,以传统针灸推拿的治疗方法做对照,通过治疗前后各项肩关节功能活动的评分比较,评价不同方法的临床疗效,探究针刀联合手法松解治疗粘连性肩周炎的疗效及作用机制。方法:将51例肩关节周围炎患者随机分为两组,试验组26例采用针刀联合手法松解治疗,对照组25例采用痛点封闭治疗。结果:临床疗效上,试验组治愈18例,好转6例,无效2例,有效率92.30%;对照组治愈15例,好转5例,无效5例,有效率80.00%。两组之间的疗效差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05),试验组疗效优于对照组。结论:针刀闭合手术可有效松解肩周炎患者患周组织的粘连和挛缩,刺激局部神经和改善微循环代谢,减轻炎症反应。在此基础上,手法松解可增加松解粘连的效果。二者联合能大幅度地改善患者的活动受限、疼痛的临床症状,提高患者生活质量。
关键词:针刀闭合技术;联合手法;松解治疗肩周炎;
Fifty-one cases of periarthritis of shoulder were treated by acupotomy combined with manipulation
Abstract: objective: using the needle knife closed technology combined technique of solution treatment, comparison with traditional acupuncture and massage treatment, by comparing the activities of shoulder joint function score before and after the treatment, evaluate the clinical efficacy of different approaches, exploring needle knife treatment adhesion periarthritis of shoulder joint technique loose solution of curative effect and mechanism of action.Methods: 51 cases of periarthritis of shoulder were randomly divided into two groups. 26 cases in the experimental group were treated with acupotomy combined with manual release, and 25 cases in the control group were treated with pain point closure.Results: in terms of clinical efficacy, 18 cases were cured in the experimental group, 6 cases were improved, 2 cases were ineffective, and the effective rate was 92.30%.The control group was cured in 15 cases, improved in 5 cases, ineffective in 5 cases, and effective in 80.00%.The difference in efficacy between the two groups was statistically significant (p<0.05), and the efficacy of the experimental group was better than that of the control group.Conclusion: acupotomy closure can effectively release the adhesion and contracture of periarthritis of shoulder, stimulate local nerves, improve microcirculation and metabolism, and reduce inflammation.On this basis, manual release can increase the effect of release adhesion.The combination of the two can greatly improve the patients' limited mobility, clinical symptoms of pain, and improve the quality of life of patients.
Key words: needle-knife closure technology;Combination technique;Release treatment of periarthritis of shoulder;
肩关节周围炎(periarthritis humeroscapularis,以下简称肩周炎)又称粘连性肩周炎、“冻结肩”、“五十肩”,是肩周肌肉、肌腱、滑囊、关节囊等软组织的慢性炎症,导致关节内外粘连和挛缩,表现为以肩痛、活动障碍为临床特征的疾病,也是临床常见的慢性退行性病变[1]。
1.资料与方法
1.1一般资料
本研究选取我院中医骨伤科住院收治的患者,共51例患者,其中男22例,女29例。51例患者按照就诊顺序,随机分为试验组26例和对照组25例。经临床症状、体征检查及各项辅助检查,排除其他疾病,确诊为肩关节周围炎。
1.2方法
试验组26例采用针刀联合手法松解治疗,对照组25例采用痛点封闭治疗。针刀治疗:仔细询问患者病史,完善相关检查。术前交代病人病情、手术操作流程及相关并发症、风险,并签署知情书等相关协议。患者取坐位,暴露患处,通过触诊确定解剖结构和病变部位,分别在患侧喙突顶点、结节间沟、肱骨大结节、肱骨小结节、肩关节囊及肩峰下滑囊附近寻找相应的压痛点及敏感点,确定最佳的进针点。每次选4-6个进针点,在进针点用龙胆紫药水做记号。术者戴帽子口罩,常规消毒手术部位,戴无菌手套,铺无菌洞巾。用生理盐水10mL稀释曲安奈德10mg、2%利多卡因5mL、VitB120.5mg。将混合液注射于选定的进针点,每点注射2-3ml。针刀术后,行手法松解。手法松解治疗:首先弹拨肩袖肌群、三角肌、肱二头肌等,活动放松肩关节。然后再行以下手法:①举肩外展:患者取仰卧位。医生站于患侧,左手按住患肩处,右手托扶患肢肘关节,嘱患者尽力外展上举患肢,直至到上举最大限度时,医生右手迅速向上提患肢肘关节。此时可听到患侧肩关节有“咔嚓”的撕裂声。操作过程中,手法应轻巧,动作要迅速。②后伸内收:患者坐位。医生站于患者背后,以左前臂贴靠在患者患肩一侧,左手扶住患肩部,右手持患侧上臂向后牵引,至最大位置时,轻度用力向身体后内方弹拨2-3次。③内收牵肩:嘱患者屈肘抬肩,将患侧手放于对侧肩上。医者以对侧肩为着力点,用力向健肩牵拉内收患侧上肢,牵拉2-3次。④旋肩:医者一手按住患肢肩部,一手托住肘部,以肩峰为中心,行顺时针旋转5次,逆时针旋转5次,慢慢增加旋转幅度,以耐受为宜。手法松解时,活动幅度由小到大、循序渐进,注意防止骨折和脱位。3天1次,3次为一个疗程。共治疗三个疗程。对于对照组,采用痛点封闭治疗。患者取坐位,嘱上举、外展、后伸肩关节,选择肩部明显压痛点3-5个,皮肤消毒后,开始治疗。用0.5%-1%利多卡因5mL,曲安奈德20mg,维生素B120.5mg混合液,在患者患肩周炎周围压痛点做局部封闭,每个部位注射2-3mL,每周注射1次,4次为一疗程。术后两组均进行主动功能锻炼,每个动作锻炼5min,20min/次,2次/d,主动功能锻炼由慢到快,有小到大,循序渐进逐步进行。采用SPSS10.0软件,计数资料采用卡方检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.结果
两组治疗均未发生与治疗有关的不良反应,试验组有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
3.结论
肩关节周围炎是肩关节周围的关节囊、软组织因损伤、退变等原因而引起的一种慢性、无菌性炎症反应[2]。属中医“痹症”范畴,又称“五十肩”、“冻凝肩”等,本病好发于50岁左右人群,多单侧发病,女性较男性多见。据国内的统计资料表明,大约每年每50人中就有1人患肩周炎,发病率占总人口的2%-5%。肩周炎的确切病因目前尚无定论,传统医学认为肩周炎主要是由于中老年人气血亏虚、慢性劳损,兼夹感受风寒湿邪而致肩部寒湿内侵,气血瘀滞,“不荣则痛”。参照国家中医药管理局1994年颁布的《中医病证诊断疗效标准》,肩周炎大体可分为三种证型:风寒湿邪阻滞型;气滞血瘀脉络型;肝肾气血亏虚型。现代医学中,主要流行的病因学说为中老年人肩周组织的慢性损伤和退行性改变,另有内分泌紊乱、糖尿病等其他病理因素[3]。针刀闭合手术疗法是通过刀的切割将肩周肌肉附着点的粘连松解、瘢痕刮除,减轻限制肩关节活动的因素,同时切割的刺激还能促使局部血液循环,有利于促进炎性物质的吸收。术后联合手法松解,不仅可以减轻患者在被动活动时的疼痛,而且能进一步是粘连充分松解。同时配合积极有效锻炼,可以巩固并提高疗效。在手术过程中,需要注意以下几项:(1)针刀闭合手术治疗是一种在“盲视”下的操作,要求术者熟悉解剖结构,操作精细和小心,切忌不可猛力;(2)手法松解时,力度要适中,切不可粗暴用力;(3)术后一周内是松解开的粘连组织炎性反应消退修复的关键时期,极易发生再粘连,此时必须进行主动的功能锻炼,防治发生再粘连。综上,针刀技术联合手法松解治疗粘连性肩周炎疗效肯定,值得推广。
参考文献:
[1]李伟,詹红生,陆念祖.肩周炎国内外研究进展[J].亚太传统医药,2015,22:44-46.
[2]田惠林,王舒英.肩关节周围炎的多种病因病理学说.中国临床康复,2005;9(22):192-193.
[3]纪晓华.糖尿病对肩周炎成因影响的实验研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2008.
论文作者:刘金龙
论文发表刊物:《中国结合医学》2019年第02期
论文发表时间:2019/4/8
标签:肩关节论文; 肩周炎论文; 患者论文; 手法论文; 疗效论文; 针刀论文; 对照组论文; 《中国结合医学》2019年第02期论文;