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英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是陈述语序，一种是倒装语序。将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语序叫做倒装语序。而倒装可分为二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫完全倒装(full invention)；而只将be、情态动词或者助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装(partial invention)。现笔者对中学英语教学中有关的一些倒装句子进行探讨，并对其中相关的一些句子加以比较。
一、完全倒装
(1)在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。
1.Here hung a picture of enormous size,painted by Tintoretto,(Shaw)
2.There goes the bell.
3.Now comes your turn.
4.Then followed three days of heavy rain.
(2)在There be (exist、happen、live、appeur、lie、occur、rise、seem、come、remain等)句型中。
1.There are at least thousands of people in the square.
2.There stands a tall tree in front of our school gate.
(3)在象声词或以out、in、up、down、away等副词开头的句子里。
1.Click.clic kwent the weaving room.
2.Crackle.crackle,crackle came the gun and the young soldier felt very frightened.
3.Following the roor,out rushed a big tiger from among the bushes.
4.Higher and higher flew the plane,and at last it disappeared inthe clouds.
(4)当表示地点的介词词组在句首时。
1.At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.
2.The soldiers ran to the building,on the top of whick flew aflag.
3.East of the lake lie two towns.
4.Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.
在上述四种句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则不需要倒装。
1.In he came and back he went again.
二、部分倒装
(1)Only在句首，修饰副词，介词词组成状语从句时。
1.only then did he find it important to get along with others.
2.Only in this way can we make great progress.
3.Only after he came back were you able to see him.
以关联连词not only...but also开首的句子或者分句也是如此。
Not only did they break into his office and steal his books,but they also tore up his manuscripts.
于句首的only，（包括连词not only...but also）只修饰（或连接）主语部分，则不引起倒装。
Only a sound body can house a sound mind.
不过请注意下面句子：
Only five of them did I see in the office.
(2)当句首状语为否定词或带有否定含义的词语时，常见的这类词或词语有not,never,hardly,seldom,rardly,scarcely 以及not until,no sooner,...then,hardly...when,...no...等。
1.Seldom had I seen such a beautiful picture.
2.Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang.
3.Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.(MET90)
4.At no time have I said such a thing.
5.Not a finger did I lay on him.
6.To few people does such an opportunity occur.
但当否定词否定主语，否定词组不含否定含义，或者句首状语的否定意义已为随后的另一名词所抵消，此时则不需要倒装。
1.Not a leaf had fallen from the trees though autumn was welladvanced.
2.In no time the locusts came clown and started eating everything.
3.Not infrequently they go abroad.
(3)在省去if的虚拟条件从句中。
1.Should I be free this afternoon.I will come and help you with your lesson.
2.Were I in your place.I would not be fit for your job.
3.Had it not been for the captain,the ship would have sunk with all on board.
我们可以说Were it not...或者Had it not been...,但不可以说Weren’t is...或者hadn’t it been...因此下列句子应视为病句。
Weren’t it for his wife’s money,he’d never be a director.
(4)在So ...that,to such...that 或者in such ...that的句型中。
1.So beaulifully did they dance that the tall white lillies peeped in at the window .(Oscar Wilde)
2.To such lengths did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out.
3.in such a hurry did the man rush out that he almost knocked me down.
(5)当So位于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或物）时。
I trusted him completely.So would anyone who know him.
在So it is (was)withr的句型或者当So表示“的确如此，确实是这样”，以示同意和肯定某种说法，或者加以强调时，常常不引起倒装。
1.Jack studies Greman,but he doesn’t study French.So it is with jim.
2.“It’s going to be a cold winter.”
“Yes,So the newspaper says.”
3.Li Ping studies hard So he does.
因此我们常常可看到下列这类句子。
You say Tom went to the ball yesterday,So he did,and so did I.
(6)当neither or位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物时；或者表示否定的意义在延伸的时候。
1.“I didn’t mean what I said,you know.”
“Neither(Nor)did I”.
2.I don’t know.Neither(Nor) do I care.
注意Neither nor的特殊用法。
1.Just as I haven’t good eyes,so neither has my son,neither havemy children.(当just as...,so...用于否定句时，只用neither.）
2.If he doesn’t go,neither will I.（在if条件句后用来引起一个主句时，只能用 Neither.）
3.You can’t do it,nor can I,nor can anybody else.（连续多次否定，常用nor）。
(7)当方式状语、频度状语等提至句首时，有时也可引起部分倒装。
1.Well do I remember the day that I saw a ternble accident on that road.
2.Mary a time bas he given me good advice.
(8)有时为了平衡句子的需要，以避免头重脚轻之感。
1.Gone forever are the dark days of the old society.
2.Such are the rewards that always crown virtue,(Shakespeare)
在以上各类句型中，如果谓语动词只有系动词be，则这类句子应属于全倒装。
So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.