陕西师范大学外国语学院 陕西 西安 710062
作者简介：穆红霞，1994年10月27日出生，女，汉族，现就读于陕西师范大学外国语学院2017级外国语言学及应用语言学专业。主要研究方向：理论语言学。
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Abstract：The present article elaborates on the evolutionary process of France’s language policy and reveals an overview of Chinese dialects. The proposals the author develop here, emerging from a deeper understanding of France’s language policy and Chinese dialects, aim to make a contribution to the protection of Chinese dialects.
Key words: Chinese dialects, France’s language policy, dialect protection
I Introduction
In recent years, the rapid development of societyrendered some Chinese dialects into decline. So the urgency and necessity of a deeper and overall exploration into Chinese dialectal protection is self-evident.
This thesis tries to catch a glimpse of France’s language policyand seeks to draw inspirations from France. It is believed that this paper will arouse a more profound and rational discussion on Chinese dialects and achieve a rewarding result in terms of Chinese dialectal protection.
II Literature Review
Language policy and language planning are inseparable. Chen Zhangtai (2005) states that language policy is designed by a state or government to favor or discourage the use of a particular language or some languages through legislation or administrative regulations, while language planning refers to the deliberate planned and organized efforts made by the government or social groups to intervene in or manage the use of language to solve communicational problems.
Siiner, M (2006:163) claims that Language policy can be thick or thin. The former may turn minority languages into endangered ones while the latter can contribute to the maintenance of linguistic diversity. In contrast to a thin policy, that appears only occasionally in a few isolated regulations, a thick language policy is one that appears explicitly in repeated laws and regulations, with agencies designated to carry out the regulating functions.
III The Evolution of France’s Language Policy
In 1539, the French king Francois I signed the law that all documents of the State must be written in French. The outbreak of the French Revolution changed everything. The government launched more than a dozen laws about language to ensure the status of French. Since 1881, French rose sharply, but at the same time dialects and other languages had been greatly weakened. France’s anti-dialect momentum wasn’t curbed until 1980s.
France’s thick language policy is the main reason for the endangered state of many French minority languages, some policies belittled the cultural value of dialects and ignored the language diversity and the interests of ethnic minorities. But it is easy to notice the attitude change of France towards dialects. The changing path of France’s language policy may offer us meaningful introspection on Chinese dialect policy.
IV Analysis on Chinese Dialects
In terms of the range of application, the number of users and the using environment, dialects are declining.
Dialect has the cultural value.Once a dialect is lost, a carrier of local culture is lost simultaneously. Just asspecies extinction, the disappearance of dialects is unrecoverable.Dialect has the identity value, it is the tie of family affection (Guo Longsheng, 2012) .Dialect has the linguistic value. The tones and intonations of many dialects still harbor distinctive features, which are beneficial for figuring out the history of China’s development.
V The Inspiration to the Protection of Chinese Dialects
⑴Make clear the dialect policy.Like other policies, language policy should also keep up with the times. Dialectal protection should be written in the relevant legal documents.
⑵Appropriately introduce dialect education into school education. It is recommended to speak Mandarin in school but speak dialect within the family so that children can better understand local characteristics and customs.
⑶Strengthen the publicity guide. The relevant departments should correctly guide the public to recognize the cultural value of Chinese dialects and actively advertise the relationship between language integration and language diversity.
VI Conclusion
France’s language policy is much more mature than those of Chinese, this essay is a tentative exploration of the former’s inspiration to the latter, trying to provide a new perspective of dialect protection in China.
References
[1] Ager, D. Language Policy in Britain and France---the processes of policy. New York: Cassel Press, 1996. Print.
[2] Sinner, M. “Planning Language Practice: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Language Policy in Post-Communist Estonia.”Language Policy, no.5, 2006, pp.161-186.
[3]Wright, S. “The Right to Speak One’s Own Language: Reflections on Theory and Practice.” Language Policy, no.6, 2007, pp.203-224.
[4]陈章太.语言规划研究[M].北京：商务印书馆，2005.
[5]郭龙生.正视汉语方言功能，实施科学语言规划[J].中国社会语言学，2012.
论文作者:穆红霞
论文发表刊物:《语言文字学》2018年第7月
论文发表时间:2018/7/27
标签：语言学论文; 陕西论文; 商务印书馆论文; 师范大学论文; 外国语学院论文; 汉族论文; 期刊论文; 《语言文字学》2018年第7月论文;