Old Is Gold
The U.S. should return to the past spirit of negotiation with the DPRK By Shi Yongming
The author is an op-ed contributor to Beijing Review and an expert on international studies
As both the U.S. and the DPRK plan to address problems through dialogue, they need to change their obsolete way of thinking and behavioral pattern
T he second summit between the top leaders of the United States and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) in Viet Nam’s capital Hanoi on February 27-28, an apparently positive move for the Korean Peninsula situation,was the cynosure of all eyes but failed to meet the high expectations, ending without any agreement. The media, agog to see progress, neglected the reality that the summit was convened under immature conditions. That’s why it was virtually doomed to end with no results. What the two countries should do now is to draw lessons from the experience and figure out how to deal with the issue in the future.
Departure from first summit
Some say the first summit between U.S.President Donald Trump and DPRK leader Kim Jong Un was more symbolic than substantial. Yet the joint statement reached at the first meeting in Singapore on June 12,2018 confirmed the core tenet that the U.S. would ensure peace in exchange of the DPRK agreeing to denuclearize. It offered the most vital political basis to solve the nuclear problem on the Korean Peninsula and marked a historic shift. In the past, the U.S. had been demanding the DPRK’s complete denuclearization as a precondition for negotiations.
However, after the summit, the U.S.began to deviate from its basic spirit. It not only dragged its feet on signing a peace treaty with the DPRK that would have led to a formal accord with the Republic of Korea(ROK), replacing the truce that ended the 1950-53 Korean war, but also refused to fulfill its promise to ease sanctions against the DPRK. Instead, it once again asked the DPRK to completely abandon nuclear weapons as a precondition to lifting sanctions, which drove the situation back to square one.
Against this background, the main purpose of the DPRK’s request for a second summit was to reaffirm the political basis for the negotiations.
However, ahead of the second summit,Trump once again announced that the U.S.would help the DPRK develop its economy only if it abandoned nuclear weapons. One reason for choosing Viet Nam as the venue of the summit was to draw attention to the Southeast Asian country’s model of development. The focus of the negotiations as well as media attention was diverted to the economy. The basic spirit of the first summit—peace as a tradeoff for denuclearization—changed into denuclearization for lifting sanctions. This inevitably led to the fruitlessness of the summit.
（1）通风：是猪舍降温放热的有效措施，即可排除舍内的热量，又能改善空气污浊度，保持舍内空气新鲜。实际生产中要依据舍内空气质量和温湿度的情况，适时通风换气。
The failure of the six-party talks involving the DPRK, the U.S., the ROK, China, Japan and Russia, is also partly attributable to the lack of a clear negotiation goals. However,the six-party talks have left some valuable lessons. One of them is that the negotiations should be divided into different sections and conducted step by step. For example, the talks can be divided into a political module focusing on the goals, an economic module to discuss compensations and aid measures,a military module on disarmament on the peninsula and a technical module to realize denuclearization step by step. All these parts,when wrapped up, will coalesce into the big negotiation.
They need to change their understanding of each other as well as each other’s strategic direction. There has been serious hostility and distrust between the U.S. and the DPRK due to the historical feud and complex politics and ideologies. Eliminating hostility is not easy. One wise thing Trump has done is not to express hostility against the DPRK because there were no results at the Viet Nam summit. Instead, he braved domestic criticism and adopted a realistic and feasible approach to some specific issues,which is conducive to the development of bilateral ties.
For the DPRK, its main challenge currently comes from its economy. Developing the economy will remain the main theme of its politics. Therefore, seeking to resolve problems through dialogue will remain its basic policy.
Three changes needed
Also, the two countries need to change the way of negotiation. An important reason there was no agreement is that the negotiation had no clear goals. What did the second summit aim to achieve? Reconfir the basic spirit of the joint statement of the first summit, or set a phased goal as the basic spirit is clear? The lack of clear goals made the negotiation hard to go forward. Actually, the U.S.and the DPRK have no mature negotiation framework by far.
Moreover, Trump, facing multiple challenges from the opposition at home as he seeks re-election, is eager to win some credit. With the DPRK agreeing not to conduct nuclear weapon and continental ballistic missile tests, the relatively peaceful situation on the peninsula is in his favor, compared with the tensions during his predecessor Barack Obama’s presidency.
A deeper rift between the U.S. and the DPRK lies in their different strategic considerations about the peninsula’s future.The U.S. international theory and national policy are both based on its own interests.However, while some interests are legitimate, others aren’t. Many Americans might feel upset if the U.S. is criticized as an imperialist country. However, since the end of the Cold War in the 1990s, the core political objective of all U.S. administrations has been to guarantee the dominance of the country.
A staff works at the International Media Center for the second summit between the DPRK and the United States,on February 25 in Hanoi, Vietnam
The U.S. would like to keep its troops stationed on the Korean Peninsula to maintain control over the situation as well as its hegemony. But that would ultimately lead the peninsula issue into a deadlock. It is difficult to make the U.S. realize that the world today does not welcome hegemony.
半夜里，妻子身上痒，由不得不伸手抓一抓。有时候，手抓痒，人没醒，一动一动却把我倒腾醒。我是一觉睡到天亮的人，半夜醒过来，好长时间睡不着。我不能跟妻子分被窝睡，更不能分床睡，只能有意无意地离开妻子远一点。妻子睡觉有一个习惯，喜欢一只胳膊搭在我身上，好像这样她睡觉才有安全感。要是搭过来的一只胳膊空下来，她会迷迷糊糊地咕哝说，你的人呢？你人哪里去了！有时候，我确实离开她远了一点，脱离开她胳膊的监控。有时候，我被她抓痒折腾醒，躺在床上睡不着觉，去卫生间小便。不管前者后者，妻子挪一挪身子紧靠我，伸开胳膊重新搭在我身上，一小会就安全地睡着了。
Compared with traditional negotiation patterns in which the weak always faces pressure from the strong, module negotiation can bring more fairness and justice. It can not only produce a package agreement in the end, but also establish trust between two sides during the negotiation.
外观调查包括路面面层损坏情况，横缝、车辙、纵缝分布、翻浆或路基沉陷情况等。检测项目分为弯沉（沥青路面）、平整度、横坡度、厚度、宽度、表面抗滑、错台率（混凝土路面）等。根据对路面的评定结果的严重程度，结合对当地交通状况、交通组成、路面病害、路基路面结构强度、材料性能、路基排水状况、路基稳定性等因素进行系统的，深入的分析。收集上述资料能为更好地完成改扩建设项目提供最基本、最可靠的设计的依据。
As both the U.S. and the DPRK plan to address problems through dialogue, they need to change their obsolete way of thinking and behavioral pattern, especially in three areas.
However, though the second summit ended without any agreement, the situation on the Korean Peninsula will not deteriorate in the short term. That is because the first summit set the tone of reconciliation and neither the U.S. nor the DPRK would like to take the blame for destroying the upward momentum.
The two countries should also jettison their system baggage. While the U.S.criticizes the DPRK’s social system, it is its two-party system that has been thwarting bilateral efforts to resolve problems through dialogue. In the two-party system,party interests are often put higher than national interests, leading to incumbent presidents scrapping the treaties signed by their predecessors. Only when the U.S.is expanding its interests do the two parties reach an agreement. Once there is a contraction or compromise, it is inevitably opposed by the opposition and eventually amended. This is an important reason why the DPRK nuclear issue is difficult to resolve.
China’s role
China is an important stakeholder in the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue, whether it attends the negotiations or not. In the past three decades, China has played the role of a guide, a guardian of fairness and justice, and a mediator during deadlocks.
我国经济的快速发展，建筑行业方面取得重大的现实成果和不同技术的突破，同时项目施工的过程中面临着不同的问题，尤其防水施工工程是目前需要重点解决的问题和日益关注的热点问题，防水施工工程的好与坏，对工程质量方面具有重大的意义。因此，我国需要在防水施工工程方面，主要是在防水混凝土施工技术方面进行不断的创新和革新，为我国的城建工程的发展提供一定的技术基础和现实依据，促进我国未来城建工程的良性发展和为用户提供一个安全稳定的居住环境。
HH-6型数显恒温水浴锅（江苏省金坛市医疗仪器厂）；Megafuge 2.0R型低温高速离心机（德国Hermle公司）；THM51119300型全波长酶标分析仪、TCA4848型梯度聚合酶链反应（PCR）仪、Nano Drop 2000型超微量紫外分光光度计（美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司）；CFX96型荧光定量PCR仪（美国Bio-Rad公司）。
阿花又一声叹息，说，景花厂以前有一个厂长，能力也不错，前些日子被大厂用高薪挖走了。阿花剥了个荔枝给我，说我正在孤立无援的时候，你出现了。第一次见到你，我就想，上帝知道我不容易，特意把你送到我面前。通过这段时间的接触，我更觉得，景花厂需要你，这个厂长非你莫属。可惜啊！阿花晃晃脑袋，你被女老板吓住了，一次次拒绝我，一次次冷落我，你似乎从来没想过我被拒绝的感受。难道……难道你就没看出，我除了是老板，还是个女人吗？一滴泪滚了下来，滴到了阿花如葱的玉指上。女人被拒绝是什么滋味，你想过吗？
China advocates establishing a community with a shared future for humanity because there is only one direction for international relations in the future, and that is win-win cooperation.
The past cannot be changed but the future lies in the choices we make. The world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a millennium. From the perspective of the progress of human civilization, the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue is not hard to solve.The hard part is people’s mental block.
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
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